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median)","line_end":2485,"line_start":1},{"ref":"line-count","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/analyzer/ai-agent-conversation/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/ai/agent/conversation/view/ConversationViewBuilder.java","detail":"1,895 lines (25× median)","line_end":1895,"line_start":1},{"ref":"line-count","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/analyzer/log-analyzer/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/log/analyzer/v2/compiler/LALValueCodegen.java","detail":"1,780 lines (24× median)","line_end":1780,"line_start":1},{"ref":"line-count","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-banyandb-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/banyandb/BanyanDBIndexInstaller.java","detail":"1,576 lines (21× median)","line_end":1576,"line_start":1},{"ref":"line-count","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/analyzer/trace-analyzer/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/trace/analyzer/v2/compiler/TALValueCodegen.java","detail":"1,422 lines (19× median)","line_end":1422,"line_start":1}],"observed":{"largest":2485,"library":{"n":382,"share":36,"value":33.6,"cutoff":138.63,"material":false,"percentile":85},"threshold":1000,"files_over":10,"median_lines":74},"dimension":"01","rationale":"The median source file here is 74 lines. 10 files exceed 1,000 lines, the largest being 2,485. Size is not a defect on its own — some problems genuinely live in one place — but these are where merge conflicts, review fatigue and single-owner knowledge concentrate, and they are the first thing that slows an inheriting engineer down.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: measured against its own codebase's median, it is below the 85th percentile of 382 surveyed projects' largest files, where this check begins to count."}],"signals_run":11,"conclusive_signals":10,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"01.38","kind":"H+","where":"The team","measured":"No architecture or design document is in the tree, across 2,883 product files.","question":"Where does the design live, and who holds it?"},{"id":"01.35","kind":"H+","where":"The team and the submodule owners","measured":"The repository pulls code in through git submodules (.gitmodules).","question":"A buyer receives pointers, not that code. Can every submodule be fetched without the team's credentials, and who owns each one?"},{"id":"01.39","kind":"H","where":"Your architects, with the product roadmap","question":"Is the architecture right for the next three years of the product?"},{"id":"01.40","kind":"H","where":"The team's reasoning at the time","question":"Were the home-grown components reasonable choices when they were made, and are they now?"}]},{"id":"02","band":"adequate","name":"Engineering Process & SDLC Maturity","coverage":"high","findings":[{"id":"02.24","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"10% of recent commits change more than 2,000 lines","signal":"commit_size","weight":"corroborating","evidence":[{"ref":"git log --numstat","kind":"metric","detail":"47 commits over 2,000 lines"}],"observed":{"share":0.098,"commits":479,"over_2000_lines":47},"dimension":"02","rationale":"47 of 479 commits in the last 24 months changed over 2,000 lines of code, not counting reformatting, renames, vendored or generated code. A change that size is rarely reviewed line by line. Ask how they were reviewed, and what made them that large."}],"signals_run":16,"conclusive_signals":14,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"02.32","kind":"H","where":"The code host's pull request data","question":"Is review real or a rubber stamp? Comment depth and time to approve need the pull request history."},{"id":"02.38","kind":"H","where":"The issue tracker: backlog, sprint history, estimate accuracy","question":"Is delivery planned and measured, or heroic?"},{"id":"02.37","kind":"H","where":"Tickets, chat and postmortems","question":"How are incidents run, reviewed and learned from?"}]},{"id":"03","band":"adequate","name":"Organization & Key-Person Risk","coverage":"partial","findings":[{"id":"03.26","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"The bus factor fell from 3 to 1","signal":"bus_factor_trend","weight":"corroborating","evidence":[{"ref":"bus factor by year","kind":"metric","detail":"1, 2, 3, 3"}],"observed":{"by_year_newest_first":[1,2,3,3]},"dimension":"03","rationale":"Year by year, newest first, the number of people who wrote half the changes was 1, 2, 3, 3. The team narrowed to one person, which is a different risk from one that always was: the code does not say why."}],"signals_run":10,"conclusive_signals":10,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"03.29","kind":"H+","where":"The deal terms","measured":"535 people have committed here.","question":"Which of them are you acquiring, and which are you replacing?"},{"id":"03.28","kind":"H","where":"The team; review history only suggests candidates","question":"Who mentors whom, and would that survive a departure?"},{"id":"03.30","kind":"H","where":"Recruiting data and the org chart","question":"Can the team grow, and who stands behind the top three contributors?"},{"id":"03.31","kind":"H","where":"HR data","question":"Is the seniority mix sound, and will pay survive your salary bands?"},{"id":"03.14","kind":"H","where":"Interviews and on-call history","question":"Is the pace sustainable? Commit times cannot say: git keeps no reliable local time."},{"id":"03.32","kind":"H","where":"Interviews","question":"Does the team want to stay after close?"},{"id":"03.33","kind":"H","where":"Time with the team","question":"How are decisions made and disagreements resolved?"}]},{"id":"04","band":"strong","name":"Product & Engineering Maturity","coverage":"minimal","findings":[{"id":"04.38","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"7 files still carry code deprecated more than two years ago","signal":"deprecations_lingering","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"oap-server/server-query-plugin/query-graphql-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/query/graphql/type/TopNRecordsCondition.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-query-plugin/query-graphql-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/query/graphql/type/TopNRecordsCondition.java","detail":"deprecated since Apr 2020"},{"ref":"oap-server/server-core/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/core/query/TopologyQueryService.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-core/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/core/query/TopologyQueryService.java","detail":"deprecated since Jun 2020"},{"ref":"oap-server/server-core/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/core/source/ServiceRelation.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-core/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/core/source/ServiceRelation.java","detail":"deprecated since Aug 2021"},{"ref":"oap-server/server-core/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/core/storage/annotation/ElasticSearch.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-core/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/core/storage/annotation/ElasticSearch.java","detail":"deprecated since Aug 2022"},{"ref":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-elasticsearch-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/elasticsearch/base/IndexController.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-elasticsearch-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/elasticsearch/base/IndexController.java","detail":"deprecated since Aug 2022"}],"observed":{"older_than_two_years":7,"files_with_deprecations":81},"dimension":"04","rationale":"7 files were marked deprecated over two years ago and still are, the oldest since Apr 2020. A deprecation is a promise to remove. Ask what still depends on these, and whether removing them is scheduled.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: in Borehole's calibration, this check's notes were usually true but overstated."},{"id":"04.62","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"Releases are cut from another branch than the one surveyed","signal":"release_branch","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"6f1fd78e8","kind":"commit","detail":"tag v11.0.0"}],"observed":{"elsewhere":42,"on_branch":0,"tags_in_window":42,"direction_known":true,"later_on_branch":0},"dimension":"04","rationale":"The newest release, v11.0.0, is not on the branch this survey read. The shipped product may differ from what this report describes. Survey the release branch too.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: notes like it are common in well-run projects."}],"signals_run":19,"conclusive_signals":13,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"04.32","kind":"H","where":"The data room and the team's record of estimates","question":"Can this team deliver the stated roadmap on the stated timeline?"},{"id":"04.31","kind":"H","where":"Budget and roadmap decisions","question":"Does leadership know about the debt, and is time budgeted to repay it?"},{"id":"04.33","kind":"H","where":"Revenue, customer and churn data","question":"Is the engineering shape consistent with the commercial story?"}]},{"id":"05","band":"adequate","name":"Security & Reliability Posture","coverage":"partial","findings":[{"id":"05.6","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"2 Dockerfiles run the application as root","signal":"container_runs_as_root","weight":"corroborating","evidence":[{"ref":"no-USER-instruction","kind":"path","path":"docker/data-generator/Dockerfile","detail":"runs as root"},{"ref":"no-USER-instruction","kind":"path","path":"docker/oap/Dockerfile","detail":"runs as root"}],"observed":{"rootful":2,"dockerfiles":2},"dimension":"05","rationale":"No USER instruction switches away from root, so the process runs with full privileges inside the container. It is a one-line fix and an ordinary expectation, which is why its absence is worth asking about: it usually says more about whether anyone has reviewed the deployment than about this container specifically."},{"id":"05.25","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"1 environment file is committed","signal":"secrets_management_pattern","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"docker/.env","kind":"path","path":"docker/.env","detail":"committed environment file"}],"observed":{"env_files":1},"dimension":"05","rationale":"docker/.env is tracked in git. Environment files are where credentials usually live, and committing one usually means nobody decided how secrets reach the running application. Whatever is in it is in the history for good. Check 05.1 says whether it holds anything credential-shaped.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: in Borehole's calibration, this check's notes were usually true but overstated."},{"id":"05.27","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"The build runs third-party code it does not pin","signal":"supply_chain_pinning","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":".github/workflows/skywalking.yaml","kind":"path","path":".github/workflows/skywalking.yaml","detail":"action pinned by tag","line_end":808,"line_start":808},{"ref":"benchmarks/envs-setup/istio-cluster_oap-banyandb/setup.sh","kind":"path","path":"benchmarks/envs-setup/istio-cluster_oap-banyandb/setup.sh","detail":"download piped into a shell","line_end":143,"line_start":143}],"observed":{"action_refs":55,"pipe_to_shell":1,"unpinned_third_party":1},"dimension":"05","rationale":"1 third-party CI action is referenced by a tag or branch rather than a commit, so they run whatever that tag points to on the day; 1 step pipes a download straight into a shell. Tags have been moved to malicious commits in real supply-chain attacks, and a piped script is whatever the server returns that minute. Pinning to a commit is the fix, and it is small.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: notes like it are common in well-run projects."},{"id":"05.20","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"14 SQL statements built from strings","signal":"sql_from_strings","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-banyandb-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/banyandb/BanyanDBStorageClient.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-banyandb-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/banyandb/BanyanDBStorageClient.java","detail":"SQL built from a string","line_end":181,"line_start":181},{"ref":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-banyandb-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/banyandb/BanyanDBStorageClient.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-banyandb-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/banyandb/BanyanDBStorageClient.java","detail":"SQL built from a string","line_end":200,"line_start":200},{"ref":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-jdbc-hikaricp-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/jdbc/common/dao/JDBCContinuousProfilingPolicyDAO.java","kind":"path","path":"oap-server/server-storage-plugin/storage-jdbc-hikaricp-plugin/src/main/java/org/apache/skywalking/oap/server/storage/plugin/jdbc/common/dao/JDBCContinuousProfilingPolicyDAO.java","detail":"SQL built from a string","line_end":81,"line_start":81}],"observed":{"files":8,"sites":14,"value_interpolated":2},"dimension":"05","rationale":"14 places in product code build SQL by formatting or joining strings rather than passing parameters. 2 of them put a value into the string; in the rest, what the code shows going in is a table or column name, a constant, or something the line does not show. Ask whether any value reaches these strings, rather than a parameter.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: in Borehole's calibration, this check's notes were usually true but overstated."},{"id":"05.60","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"Relicensed: Apache-2.0 → GPL-3.0 (2016-05-27) → Apache-2.0 (2017-10-10)","signal":"licence_changes","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"78befc0eb","kind":"commit","path":"LICENSE","detail":"Apache-2.0 from 2015-11-07"},{"ref":"164d9c65e","kind":"commit","path":"LICENSE","detail":"GPL-3.0 from 2016-05-27"},{"ref":"327867fdc","kind":"commit","path":"LICENSE","detail":"Apache-2.0 from 2017-10-10"}],"observed":{"since":"2017-10-10","latest":"Apache-2.0","weaker":false,"narrowed_at":"2016-05-27","narrowed_days":3801,"licence_versions":3,"source_available":false,"narrowed_recently":false,"unreleased_changes":1},"dimension":"05","rationale":"The root licence changed 2 time(s). Code taken under earlier terms stays under them; check which terms any fork or customer relied on.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: a licence change is a fact for the first screen, and only a narrowing of rights within two years of the surveyed commit costs \"strong\"."},{"id":"05.65","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"7 advisories against this project in the last 24 months, 4 high or critical","signal":"advisory_record","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"CVE-2026-85499","kind":"advisory","detail":"2026-10-12: CVE-2026-85499 (critical): Improper Authorization vulnerability in Apache SkyWalking BanyanDB.\n\n\n\nThe Canopy includes incomplete proof-of-concept role and monitoring-proxy functionality. "},{"ref":"CVE-2026-71216","kind":"advisory","detail":"2026-09-04: CVE-2026-71216 (moderate): PagerDuty alarm hook transmits the integration routing key over cleartext HTTP.\n\n\n\nPagerDuty serves this endpoint over HTTPS and will\nnormally answer plain HTTP"},{"ref":"CVE-2026-85229","kind":"advisory","detail":"2026-09-04: CVE-2026-85229 (moderate): ** UNSUPPORTED WHEN ASSIGNED ** Improper neutralization of input during web page generation ('cross-site scripting') vulnerability in Apache SkyWalking Booster "},{"ref":"CVE-2026-34884","kind":"advisory","detail":"2026-08-18: CVE-2026-34884 (critical): SSRF via set_skywalking_url Tool and GraphQL expression injection vulnerability in Apache SkyWalking MCP.\n\n\n\n\n\nThis issue affects Apache SkyWalking MCP: 0.1.0.\n"},{"ref":"CVE-2026-30778","kind":"advisory","detail":"2026-04-15: CVE-2026-30778 (high): The SkyWalking OAP /debugging/config/dump endpoint may leak sensitive configuration information of MySQL/PostgreSQL.\n\nThis issue affects Apache SkyWalking: from"}],"observed":{"newest":"2026-10-12","critical":2,"affecting":0,"could_not_tell":7,"last_24_months":7,"sources_failed":[],"known_exploited":0,"high_or_critical":4},"dimension":"05","rationale":"The newest was published on 2026-10-12. A project that publishes advisories is telling its users about its fixes, and the count and pace say how much security work it carries. Whether 7 of them are fixed in the code you ship could not be told from this history. Answer lives in: the release you run, set against each fixed version.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: it describes the project's advisory record, and no advisory in it is known to affect the surveyed commit."}],"signals_run":34,"conclusive_signals":21,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"05.43","kind":"H+","where":"The security owner","measured":"No threat model is in the tree of what looks like a running service.","question":"Does one exist elsewhere, and who owns it?"},{"id":"05.41","kind":"H","where":"Ticketing and chat","question":"What has actually broken, how often, and how badly?"},{"id":"05.42","kind":"H","where":"Reports in the data room","question":"What did external testing find, and was it fixed?"},{"id":"05.44","kind":"H","where":"Audit reports; policy files in the tree are not evidence","question":"What is the SOC 2, ISO 27001 or GDPR status, and where is the evidence?"}]},{"id":"06","band":"adequate","name":"Observability & Operations","coverage":"partial","findings":[{"id":"06.2","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"No structured logging library is in use","signal":"structured_logging","weight":"corroborating","evidence":[{"ref":"logging-scan","kind":"metric","detail":"searched 5,223 files for 10 structured logging libraries; 0 matched"}],"observed":{},"dimension":"06","rationale":"Nothing references a structured logging library. Logs that are written to be read by a person are not searchable by a machine, which means incident response here is proportional to how well someone remembers the codebase rather than to what the tooling can find."},{"id":"06.9","band":"adequate","layer":"deterministic","title":"No error reporter is wired in","signal":"error_reporting","weight":"corroborating","context":true,"evidence":[{"ref":"error reporting","kind":"metric","detail":"no error reporter initialised"}],"observed":{"installed":[],"initialised":0,"config_files":0},"dimension":"06","rationale":"Nothing in the service initialises an error reporter (Sentry, Rollbar, Bugsnag, Honeybadger or an APM agent). An exception in production reaches a person only if someone is reading the logs, which usually means a customer reports it first.","context_why":"A note that does not affect this rating: notes like it are common in well-run projects."}],"signals_run":16,"conclusive_signals":10,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"06.19","kind":"H+","where":"The operations team","measured":"Nothing in the tree backs up or restores data.","question":"How is data backed up, and has a restore ever been rehearsed?"},{"id":"06.10","kind":"H+","where":"The alerting tool and the on-call rota","measured":"No alert rule is defined in the repository.","question":"Where are alerts defined, who receives them, and when did one last fire?"},{"id":"06.29","kind":"H","where":"Pager history and dashboard logs","question":"Are the dashboards opened, the alerts acknowledged and the pages answered?"},{"id":"06.30","kind":"H","where":"Production metrics","question":"Are the service-level objectives actually met?"},{"id":"06.31","kind":"H","where":"Pager exports and interviews","question":"Who carries the pager, and how often does it go off?"},{"id":"06.32","kind":"H","where":"Cloud billing and capacity plans","question":"What does it cost to run, and how much headroom is there?"}]},{"id":"07","band":"not assessable","name":"Fit with the Acquirer","coverage":"none","findings":[],"signals_run":0,"conclusive_signals":0,"what_a_person_adds":[{"id":"07.1","kind":"H+","question":"This is primarily a Java codebase. Does your engineering organisation already run Java in production, or would this be the first?"},{"id":"07.10","kind":"H+","question":"The bulk of this system sits in oap-server/, apm-dist/, dist-material/. Which of your existing systems would each of those have to absorb or replace?"},{"id":"07.2","kind":"H+","question":"The repository carries deployment configuration (docker/data-generator/Dockerfile and 12 more). Does that match your deployment and on-call model, or does it need rehosting first?"},{"id":null,"kind":"H+","question":"What is your tolerance for the findings above remaining unaddressed for the first two quarters after close, given everything else that will compete for this team's time?"},{"id":"07.11","kind":"H","where":"Your architecture","question":"Which of these systems duplicate yours, and which get retired?"},{"id":"07.12","kind":"H","where":"The engagement","question":"What will integration cost, and in what order?"},{"id":"07.13","kind":"H","where":"Your org design","question":"Where does the team land in your organisation, and who reports to whom?"},{"id":"07.14","kind":"H","where":"Deal terms","question":"Are there earn-outs, retention packages or contractor IP to assign?"},{"id":"07.15","kind":"H","where":"Customer contracts","question":"Do customer contracts limit hosting, regions or vendors?"}],"not_assessable_reason":"structurally not assessable from a 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